Waymo self-driving car without a driver, symbol of the Waymo effect in scientific collaboration

The Waymo Effect: Why AI Reduces Collaboration in Science

The Waymo effect describes how the convenience of artificial intelligence replaces human collaboration in science and software development, without anyone deciding it. Daniel Hook, of the Holtzbrinck group, explains it through the metaphor of a ride in a self-driving Waymo car. The piece draws on Tim Wu’s tyranny of convenience and Albert Borgmann’s device paradigm.